![]() These mice worked on almost any surface, and represented a welcome improvement over mechanical mice, which would pick up dirt, track capriciously, invite rough handling, and need to be taken apart and cleaned frequently. These mice used technology developed by Hewlett-Packard under their Agilent Technologies subsidiary (see below). Xerox's inventions were never massively commercially exploited, however, and optical mice would remain elusive in the personal computer market until Microsoft released the IntelliMouse with IntelliEye and IntelliMouse Explorer in 1999. A surface-independent coherent light optical mouse design was patented by Stephen B. This advance enabled the mouse to detect relative motion on a wide variety of surfaces, translating the movement of the mouse into the movement of the cursor and eliminating the need for a special mouse-pad. As computing power grew cheaper, it became possible to embed more powerful special-purpose image-processing chips in the mouse itself. Modern surface-independent optical mice work by using an optoelectronic sensor (essentially, a tiny low-resolution video camera) to take successive images of the surface on which the mouse operates. The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer (v. The Kirsch and Lyon mouse types had very different behaviors, as the Kirsch mouse used an x-y coordinate system embedded in the pad, and would not work correctly when the pad was rotated, while the Lyon mouse used the x-y coordinate system of the mouse body, as mechanical mice do. Lyon of Xerox, used a 16-pixel visible-light image sensor with integrated motion detection on the same n‑type ( 5 µm) MOS integrated circuit chip, and tracked the motion of light dots in a dark field of a printed paper or similar mouse pad. Predictive algorithms in the CPU of the mouse calculated the speed and direction over the grid. ![]() One of these, invented by Steve Kirsch of MIT and Mouse Systems Corporation, used an infrared LED and a four-quadrant infrared sensor to detect grid lines printed with infrared absorbing ink on a special metallic surface. The first two optical mice, first demonstrated by two independent inventors in December 1980, had different basic designs: Keywords: Video Processing, FPGA, Controlling of cursor, Calculation of centroidĪrticle published in International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.4,No.An early Xerox optical mouse chip, before the development of the inverted packaging design of Williams and Cherry The real life video processing results illustrates that the presented procedure has effective implementation. The proposed model is implemented on Altera’s DE2-115 FPGA board with input feed from HD webcam C270h capturing 1280 x 720 pixels in YCbCr format. The approach includes calculation of centroid of the hand where the system is invariant to the scale of the hand. ![]() A simple but effectual system has been developed where image of a input hand is computed. In the presented paper, the field of gesture recognition has been narrowed to hand gesture recognition, in particular to palm of the hand used effectively to control the movement of the cursor. This object detection is further enhanced to gesture recognition which is gaining gigantic interest in various fields including image processing and computing comprising various factors as well as constraints nonetheless providing ease in numerous human affairs. An important parameter of video processing is ability to detect moving objects from the frame of the video. FPGA has proven to be an attractive and efficient alternative for such systems because of its flexibility and the added benefit of portability. Execution of real-time video processing requires good memory performance and high computational load therefore its implementation is frequently confined with expensive DSP kits or large workstations. Author : Rumaisa Iftikhar, Samiya Ashgar, Hira Abbasi, Tahir Qadri, Sadia Abbasi and Naeem Abbas Pages : 612-615ĭigital Video processing technology is maturing rapidly with applications widely spread from everyday life to hi-tech engineering.
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